"The need to address climate change and reduce global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is one of the most prominent international policy issues of the last two decades. Governments around the world have legislated in an attempt to address this challenge, and many of these legislative measures have come at a huge cost. And yet global GHG emissions, particularly carbon dioxide emissions, have continued to rise at a rapid pace, increasing by c. 32 percent between 1990 and 2010 according to UNEP. This is despite a globally agreed challenge to reduce emissions by 40 percent by 2050 from 1990 levels as part of the UN Climate Change Convention. Even some countries that are the most active pursuers of lower emissions have lost the gains of recent years, as flaws in their current energy policies emerge.
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