Gazprom and European gas markets: Paying the piper | The Economist

Gazprom and European gas markets: Paying the piper | The Economist:

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THE combustibility of natural gas makes it a potent weapon. When Gazprom, a giant gas company controlled by the Russian state, cut off supplies to Ukraine in early 2009, in a dispute over unpaid bills, Europeans farther west suffered too. Gazprom provides about a quarter of their gas, to heat homes, fire industrial furnaces and fuel power stations, much of it via a pipeline through Ukraine. European utilities and regulators have since tried to reduce the Russian company’s market power. Although they may seem to be winning the battle, Gazprom could yet outmanoeuvre its customers.

The main battleground is the method of setting the price of gas. Gazprom is keen that its European customers continue to buy expensive gas on long contracts, sometimes lasting decades, with prices linked to the cost of oil. Gazprom makes a nice profit on such customers, since oil is pricey but it produces its gas cheaply from vast fields developed in the Soviet era. However, a high and rising proportion of European gas is now traded on spot markets at lower prices, set by supply and demand."

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